Cudahy-Massee Expedition
Origins of the Cudahy-Massee Expedition, 1928-29



There are several misconceptions regarding Sami culture. The first is that all Sami are reindeer herders. This myth stems from the way Sami have been portrayed in historical records. As is discussed above, the vast majority of Sami are not–and never were–herders. Only ten percent of today's population is made up of reindeer pastoralists, and herding as a lifestyle only developed with the Scandinavian colonization of Sami lands in the 17th-19th centuries. Before that, Sami were mostly hunters and fishers. Dr.
“The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance; it is the illusion of knowledge.”
- Daniel J. Boorstin, American Historian
Songs accompanied ceremonies for the dead, preparations for war, nearly all the games, and were essential in treating the sick. For the observance of the Midewiwin rites, the songs were as important as the spiritual leaders themselves because there could be no rituals without the appropriate songs. Many songs were inspired by dreams either during an individual's vision quest or later in his life.